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2023年英语语法知识高中8篇

时间:2023-06-22 13:24:01 来源:网友投稿

英语语法知识高中第1篇虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气对于很多高中生而言都是一个困扰。难点有两个一.何时用?二.何种形式?一、何时用?英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气等。虚拟语气表下面是小编为大家整理的英语语法知识高中8篇,供大家参考。

英语语法知识高中8篇

英语语法知识高中 第1篇

虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气对于很多高中生而言都是一个困扰。难点有两个

一. 何时用?

二. 何种形式?

一、何时用?

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气等。虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设并非事实,或难以实现的,甚至表达相反的概念,或者表示主观愿望或某种强烈的感情。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

二、何种形式?

为方便同学们记忆,不妨简单归纳如下:

退后时态型

情态动词+have done

型。

退后时态型

即依据所想表达的时间,现在的虚拟退后为过去时,过去的虚拟退后为过去的过去,即过去完成时,将来的虚拟退后为过去将来时(有些从句不用将来时,单独考虑)。

退后时态型包括:

if条件句 as if/ as though if/ even though if only wish would 以上六种从句中。

虚拟条件句

如:

(1) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。eg:

If he were free now, he would help

要是他现在有空的话,它会帮助我们的。

(2) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。eg:

If I had got there earlier, I would have met

如果我早点到那儿,我就会见到了李先生。

(3) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。eg

If he were to come/ should come/ came here tomorrow, he would tell us about

明天万一他要来的话,他会通知我们一声。

运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题:

(1) 注意:if条件句中因为主将从现,不用将来时,所以与现在时间虚拟形式一致,无非增加两种形式should do 、 were to do,整体看依然符合上述“现在的虚拟退后为过去时,过去的虚拟退后为过去的过去,即过去完成时,将来的虚拟退后为过去将来”。

(2)错综时间虚拟条件句,即主、从句的动作不是同时发生时,依据表格主从句动词形式区别对待。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。eg:

If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer now, 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会是工程师了

②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:

If he were free today, we would have sent him to

如果他今天有空的话, 我们会已经派他去北京了。

(3)含蓄条件句

without,but for, or, otherwise等词可以表达假设,相当于if条件句。主句动词形式依据时间确定

eg:

Without electricity, our life would be greatly

But for your help last term, I would have failed the

We didn"t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned

我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。

(4)当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 had, should, were时, if 省略,将 had, should, were置于句首。为方便记忆,按谐音可记为:一马当先还(had)数(should)我(were),一马当即为将 were, should, had等词置于句首。【注】若条件从句为否定句,否定词not不提前。

eg:

(1)Were he free now, he would help

要是他现在有空的话,它会帮助我们的。

(2)Had I got there earlier, I would have met

如果我早点到那儿,就会见到了李先生。

(3)Were he to come here tomorrow, he would tell us about

Should he come here tomorrow, he would tell us about

明天万一他要来的话,他会通知我们一声。

(4)Had I not got there late, I would have met

如果我早点到那儿,就会见到了李先生。

动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。

表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were);表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时had done;

表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用过去将来时would /could+动词原形。

注意如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。如:

1) How I wish / If only I could be of some

我希望我能有什么用处。

2) How I wish / If only I had met him yesterday!

注意:
表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语除用过去完成时had done外,也可以用would / could+have +过去分词(注意这里的情态动词不能用should)

I wish I could have studied hard at

would rather之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,其虚拟语气的形式为:

过去虚拟 用had + done

现在或者将来虚拟 用过去时(be用were )

eg:

1)I’d rather you had seen the film

我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。

2)I’d rather you were here

我倒想你现在在这儿。

3)We’d rather you went there

我们倒想你明天去那儿。

其他

1)When a chopstick is partly in water, it looks as if it were

2)Even if he were here, there would be nothing to be

情态动词+have done

should/ ought to/ could/ might/ needn’t/ would/ would like to/ would love to/ would rather 等情态动词后面+have done,表达对过去的虚拟,译为过去本应该,过去本能够,过去本不必等。

eg:

1) I would/ would like to have attended the concert, but an unexpected visitor came

2) It was Sunday yesterday; he needn’t have gone to (本不必去却去了)

should 型

表达“建命要坚”等意义的词后面的名词从句中,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should可以省略。

建议:suggest/advise/propose/recommend/urge

命令:order/command

要求:demand/require/request

坚持:insist

eg:

1)The doctor advised that he change his

医生劝他换工作。(宾语从句)

2)The workers on strike demanded that this tax be

罢工的工人们要求取消这种税。(宾语从句)

3)The committee proposed (that) Day be

委员会建议推选戴先生。(宾语从句)

4)He took no notice of the doctor’s suggestion that he (should) not

他对医生对他不要抽烟的建议置之不理。(同位语从句)

5)My proposal is that the matter be put to the vote at

我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。(表语从句)

6) It is required in the notice that everyone (should) wear formal suits

通知中要求所有人要着正装。(主语从句)

7)They urged that relief work should be given

他们敦促将救济工作放在优先位置。

注意:

1)suggest译为“表明”、“暗示”时,不需要虚拟。

He suggested that we (should) stay for

他建议我们留下吃饭。

What he said suggested that he was a

他说的话表明他是个骗子。

2)动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。比较:

He insisted that I had read his

他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his

他坚持要我看他的信。

It is +表达情况紧迫性或者强烈情绪,观点的n/adj/done +that +主语从句,从句的谓语动词常用should+原形且should可以省略。

表示紧迫的或者表强烈情绪,观点的词如:advisable, critical, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, urgent, vital, natural, strange, surprising, a pity, a miracle, desire, urge等。

eg:

1)Do you think it is necessary that he (should) not be sent to

2)It’s vital that you make a decision right

你立刻就做决定是至关重要的。

3)It is urged that relief work should be given

他们敦促将救济工作放在优先位置。

4)It is strange that such a person should be our (should表示“竟然”,不可省)

奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。

虚拟语气句型It is 或was (high) time that +从句,从句的谓语动词形式用一般过去时

或者should do形式且该should不可以省略。

eg: It is (high) time that we went /should go to

在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中,虚拟语气从句动词形式为:(should) + do,并且should能省略(for fear that,lest),in case后不能省略。

eg:

1)She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come

她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。

2) He started out earlier lest he (should) be

他早早地就出发了以防迟到。

注意:in case从句中可能性较大时,用陈述语气

eg: You’d better take an umbrella in case it

英语语法知识高中 第2篇

只用which,不能用that的情况

(1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成"介词+关系代词"结构来修饰表事物的先行词时, 关系代词必须用如:

☞The house in which we live is very 我们住的房子非常大。

这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。

注意:如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 如:

☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion =This is the question about which we’ve had so much 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。

(2) 先行词为"those+表事物的复数名词"时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。如:

☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their

学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。

☞A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly

书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。

(3)当先行词指物,关系词在句中作主语或宾语,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which,而不用that。

英语语法知识高中 第3篇

倒装句语法知识点

疑问句和特殊疑问句要倒装

Are you cold?

Does he go to school by bike?

注意:若疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语时,不倒装。

Who is your English teacher?

Whose father is a worker?

There be 句型

在There+助动词/情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中,主语在谓语be动词后面,因此这是倒装。

There is a mobile phone and some books on the

桌上有一个手机和一些书。

There are thousands of people gathering on the

广场上聚集着成千上万的人

注意 :引导词there 还可以接appear,exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。

There lived an old fisherman in the

村里住着一位老渔夫。

There stand two white houses by the

河滨矗立着两座白房子。

There existed some doubt among the

学生中有些怀疑。

直接引语在句首

“May I come in and take a rest?” asked the poor

“Get out of the room!” shouted the angry

虚拟条件句的倒装

当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句:

Had you come yesterday, you would have seen

若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。

Should you require anything give me a

如果需要什么,可以给我打电话。

Were it not for your help, I would still be

要不是你帮助,我会仍然无家可归。

注意:省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词

Had I money, I would buy 假若我有钱,我就会买它。

全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。

1) here, there, now,then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be,come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。

例如:

Then came the 那时总裁来了。

Here is your 你的信。

2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头,谓语动词是表示“移动”的go, come, leave等句子里。

例如:

Ahead sat an old 前面坐着一个老妪。

Down went the small 小船沉下去了。

注意:在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。

3)表示地点的介词词组位于句首,谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。

South of the lake lies a big

湖泊的南边是一个大超市。

20 miles east of our school lies a modern swimming

我们学校向东20英里有一个现代化的游泳池。

4) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist….) 句型中。

部分倒装

句首为否定或半否定的副词或连词。

如no, not,never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, at no time决不, by no means, on no account, inno case, many a time, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, not until… 等。

例如:

He cares little about his

= Little does he care about his

他不在乎穿着。

I have never seen him

= Never have I seen him

= Never before have I seen

我以前没见过他。

The mother didn"t leave the room until the child fell

= Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the

孩子睡着了,妈妈才离开房间。

(Not until引出的主从复合句中,主句倒装,从句不倒装。即:后倒前不倒。注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。)

例如:

Churchill was not only a statesman, but a

= Not only was Churchill a statesman, but a

丘吉尔不仅是个政治家,而且还是个诗人。

I shall by no means give

= By no means shall I give 我决不放弃。

必背:表示“刚……就……的倒装结构

Hardly had he started to leave when it began to

他刚要离开,天就下起了雨。

Scarcely had he sat down when his mobilephone

他刚坐下,手机就响了。

No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his

他刚交卷就意识到出错了。

Seldom is my son late for 我儿子上学几乎不迟到。

In no case should you touch 无论如何你都不能碰它。

以否定连词开头作部分倒装

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等,前倒后不倒。例如:

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the 他没有收下礼物,还狠狠批评了送礼的人。

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit 她刚出门,就有个学生来访。

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit 她刚出门,就有个学生来访。

so, neither, nor作部分倒装

表示另一主语“也…样”时,用“So +be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构;而表示另一主语“也不…样”时,用“NorNeither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。

例如:

Tom can speak So can 汤姆会讲法语,杰克也会。

If you won"t go, neither will 你不去,我也不去。

She won’t Neither/Nor will

她不走,我也不。

注意:如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定,或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时,用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。

+状语在句首倒装的情况。

only+副词;或介词短语;或状语从句时,主句倒装。

例如:

Only then did I see life was not 只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。

Only in this way, can you learn English 只有这样,你才能学好英语。(only+介词短语)

Only after being asked three times did he come to the 叫了三次,他才来参加会议。

Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was (only+副词)

Only when it began to rain did he finish his (only+状语从句)

注:如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。

例如:

Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in 病得狠重时,他才卧床休息。

so… that,such…that引导的结果状语从句中,部分倒装。当so位于句首时,用”so + + 主语+谓语”。

例如:

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an 他害怕得很,动也不敢动。

So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass 考试如此难,以至于大多数同学没能考过。

So stingy is she that none of us likes 她太小气,没人喜欢她。

so作“也”讲时,引导的句子用倒装语序,表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是:So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语

She has been to So have

她去过东京,我也去过。

He can send emails to his former So can

他能电子邮件给以前的同学,她也能。

as, though引导的部分倒装

as / though引导的让步从句由于语法需要,可将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

但需注意:

1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。

2)句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

例如:

Shortest as/though she is, she is not the (倒装后,最高级前不用冠词)

Child as he is, he knows a (倒装后,单数名词前不用a)

Fail as I did, I would try (倒装后,实义动词提前,在主语后添加助动词。)

注意:让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。

当as作“虽然”解,引导让步状语从句时,必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。

句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式:

(1). 形容词或副词+as+主语+连系动词be或实义动词。

例如:

Rich as he is, he never spends a cent on

虽然他很富有,但他从不花一分钱在衣服上。

Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted

我虽然佩服他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。

(2). 名词+as+主语+连系动词be (注意句首的名词不带冠词)。

例如:

Child as he is, he knows a

尽管他是个孩子,但懂很多事情。

Boy as he was, he was chosen

尽管他还是个孩子,但却被立为国王。

(3). 实义动词+as+主语+助动词[如果没有助动词,则要加上一个do(does或did)]。

例如:

Try as he may, he never

尽管他很努力,但总是不成功。

Change your mind as you will, you will gain no additional

即使你改变主意,你也不会得到另外的支持。

一些表示频率的副词(如many a time, often等)位于句首时。

I have seen her taking a walk alone many a

Many a time have I seen her taking a walk

我多次看到她独自一人在散步。

She often came to my house in the

Often did she come to my house in the

过去她常到我家来。

英语语法知识高中 第4篇

关系代词as和which引导定语从句的不同点

as可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。

在非限制性定语从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略。

which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语;而as作主语时,谓语常用系动词,如be,seem,become等,一般不用其他行为动词。

as常用"正如"含义,常用的结构有as we know(众所周知);as often happens(正如常发生的那样);as is often the case(情况常常如此);as we all can see(正如我们看到的);be announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。这些结构常放句首,偶尔也可以放句中或句末。

非限制性定语从句中,which可指代主句中的某一个单词,as不可以。

"介词+关系代词(介宾代物)"中关系代词只能用which。

从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,常用which。

一、关系代词和关系副词基本用法

根据关系词在定语从句中的不同用法,可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词主要有who, whom, which, that, whose等,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词主要有when, where, why等,在定语从句中作状语。具体用法如下:

关系代词的用法

当先行词指人时,若它在从句中作主语,则用who;若它在从句作宾语,则用whom或who;若它在从句中作定语,则用whose。如:

☛The man who told me this refused to tell me his 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。

☛The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about 你拿了那个女人的伞,她非常生气。

当先行词指物时,若在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则用which;若它在定语从句中作定语用,则用of which或whose。如:

☛I saw something in the paper which might interest 我在报上看到一样可能使你感兴趣的东西。

☛He’s written a book the name of which (whose name) I’ve 他写了一本书,书名我给忘了。

关系副词的用法

关系副词主要有when, where, why等,在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、在点和原因。when主要放在time, day, years, season, age, occasion等时间的名词后;where主要放在place, city, town, village, house等地点名词后;why则通常只放在reason后。如():

☛Wednesday is the day when the shops are not open in the 星期三下午商店不开门。

☛Give me one reason why we should help 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。

要特别注意,activity, case, point, even, situation, job, organization, position等抽象名词后接where引导定语从句的用法(这是近几年高考的一个新热点)。如:

☛I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。

☛Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language 今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。

☛The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and 治疗将会持续到病人可以正常且安全地行走。

☛If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险,那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。

二、使用非限制性定语从句的情况:

关系代词指代整个主句时,使用非限制性定语从句。

☛You did a lot for me, for which I was 你为我做了许多,对此我很感激。

☛The Diaoyu Island belongs to China, as is known to 众所周知,钓鱼岛属于中国。

☛A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。

当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名地名等专有名词时,使用非限制性定语从句。

☛China, which is my motherland, is developing 中国是我的祖国,正在快速发展。

☛Eason, who was a pop star, got married last 伊森去年结婚了,他是明星。

☛Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be 他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。

当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属(son,daughter等)时,使用非限制性定语从句。

☛He has a daughter, who is studying in 他有个女儿,现在正在伦敦学习。(只有一个女儿)

☛This is my teacher, who has something to tell 这是我的老师,他有一些事情要告诉你。

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

形式不同

限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。

功能不同

限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。

☛People who take physical exercise live 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)

☛His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去掉,句子意义仍然完整)

翻译不同

在翻译定语从句时,一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。

☛He is the man whose car was 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。

☛I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next 我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。

含义不同

比较下面的两个句子:

☛I have a sister who is a 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)

☛I have a sister, who is a 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)

先行词不同

限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。

☛Peter drove too fast, which was 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)

☛He changed his mind, which made me very 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)

☛ Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)

☛Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study 她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)

关系词不同

关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。

四、"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句:

●"介词+关系代词"的用法

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,我们通常用"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句。如果指"人",用"介词+whom";如果指"物",用"介词+which"。

●"介词+关系代词"结构中介词的选用

一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:①先行词的意义;②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。

☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the

我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。

表示"整体和部分关系",介词常用of。在some,any,few,none,all,both,neither,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。

☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are family

约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。

有时"介词+where"可以引导定语从句,此时要和"介词+which"引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。

☞His head soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but

他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window,而不是from the window)

●在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look after, look for等。

●"of which / whom"有时可以用"whose+名词"结构来改写。

●当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时,通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语,则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。

五、关系代词只用that而不用 which的情况

先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词或先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰。

☞All the people that come from the country work much

所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。

先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only, the very, the last等修饰时, 关系代词通常只用that, 不用如:

☞The first English novel that I read was

我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。

☞This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever

这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。

☞This is the only thing that we can do

这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。

先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只用that,不用如:

☞The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us

我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。

☞The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s

外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。

关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时,通常只用that,不用如:

☞He is no longer the star that he

他不再是过去的那位明星了。

☞Our school is no longer the school that it used to

我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。

句中其他位置已出现which,为避免重复,不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如:

☞Which is the car that has overtaken us?超过我们的是哪辆车?

英语语法知识高中 第5篇

定语从句与同位语从句的区别:

被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。

从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。

引导词不同:what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。

引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。

英语语法知识高中 第6篇

英语修饰词,强调词

什么是修饰语?

和限定词一样,修饰语修饰句子的意思。它们根据说话者的意图改变其意思。修饰语是帮助你描述意思的最广泛的一类词。因此,它们可以是所有类型的词类,如形容词、形容词从句、副词、副词从句、绝对短语、不定式短语、分词短语和介词短语。如果使用得当,修饰语可以使任何句子更吸引人,更详细,更有趣的读者。修饰语给读者更多的信息,创造一个更完整的情况。

例:

Amy gathered

艾米收集原料。

例:

Young Amy, who just wanted to eat her favorite dessert to reward herself, enthusiastically gathered ingredients for a cake from the kitchen pantry, sneaking bits of sugar and chocolate as she left a trail of flour on the kitchen table and floor, a situation requiring her mother to spend so much time cleaning up that she couldn’t help Amy bake the

年轻的艾米只想吃她最喜欢的甜点来奖励自己,她从厨房的餐具室里热情地收集蛋糕的配料,偷偷地在厨房的桌子和地板上留下一小片面粉,同时还偷了一些糖和巧克力,这种情况要求她母亲花太多时间打扫卫生,以致于她无法帮助艾米烤蛋糕。

上面这句话虽然很长,但比第一句讲的故事要多得多。它也更有趣的阅读,使你可能想知道更多的情况。

艾米为什么要奖励自己?为什么她妈妈不帮她收集配料?该句子还包含以下每种类型的修饰语中的至少一种,如下所述。

形容词(形容名词或代词):young

年轻

形容词从句(用作形容词的描述性短语):

who just wanted to eat her favorite dessert

只想吃她最喜欢的甜点的人

不定式短语(以不定式开头或后跟动词的描述性短语):

to reward herself

奖励自己

副词(形容形容词或动词):

enthusiastically

热情地

介词短语(以介词开头的描述性短语,青蛙可以对原木做的事情,如sit on, in, 或 on top of it):

from the kitchen pantry

来自厨房的餐具室

分词短语(以形容词形式的动词开头的描述性短语,通常以-ing或-ed结尾):

Sneaking bits of sugar and chocolate

偷一点糖和巧克力

状语从句(一种做副词的描绘性短语):

She left a trail of flour on the kitchen table and

她在厨房的桌子和地板上留下面粉痕迹。

绝对短语(附在句子上的不带连词的描述性短语,经常修改整句话的意思):

Her mother to spend so much time cleaning up that she couldn’t help Amy bake the

母亲花大量时间清理,她无法帮助艾米烤蛋糕。

从上面的每个修饰语可以看出,它们可以放在句子的任何部分来修饰任何类型的单词或短语。

形容词和副词总是出现在它们所修饰的词或短语的前面,但除此之外,大多数修饰语都可以放在它们听起来最好的地方,它们将要修饰的东西最清楚的地方。

什么是限定词?

限定词是修饰语的一个子组,可以是副词,可以是单词或短语,通过限制动词来改变动词的意义。

不要说 Pam was working,这意味着Pam正在工作,你可以通过说 Pam was hardly working,来限制你描述的工作量。第二句几乎没有限定词,它的意思与第一句完全不同。在这种情况下,Pam做的工作比以前少得多。

限定词的一般用途是表示怀疑,或者限定你所说的话。你可以限制你所改变的动词和形容词的意义,如果你还没有足够的词汇量,这将非常有用。把这些限定词放在你想描述的动词或形容词前面。

下面列出了一些非常常见的限定符:

减轻某事的影响:

May/Might/Maybe/May be/Might/Could/Kind of/Sort of/Somewhat/Slightly

可能/也许/也许是/有点/稍微有点

例:

I might be going to Italy in June with my cousins, but I’m not sure

我可能六月份和我的表兄弟们去意大利,但我还不确定。

The rain could fall, but the sun is out to it is hard to

雨可能会下,但太阳出来了,很难预测。

Katie kind of wants to go to Disneyland, but she is afraid to ask her parents to take

凯蒂有点想去迪斯尼乐园,但她不敢让父母带她去。

一个较小的数字

Few/Not many/A small number/A minority/Some

少/不多/少数/少数

例:

A minority of voters approve of the new legislation that is being

少数选民赞成正在考虑的新立法。

Few students enjoy learning from reading books, as they would prefer to try different things and learn by

很少有学生喜欢从读书中学习,因为他们更喜欢尝试不同的东西,通过实验来学习。

I would like some peas,

请给我一些豌豆。

某事不会比它发生得更频繁,或者比你期望的要少

Hardly/Hardly ever/Rarely/Infrequently/Seldom/Sporadically/Scarcely/For a short time

很少/偶尔/几乎没有/短时间内

例:

This is scarcely the time to be doubting our plans,

哈利,现在几乎不是怀疑我们计划的时候。

It hardly ever rains here, so if you draw lines in the sand, you can come back and see them years

这里几乎从不下雨,所以如果你在沙地上画线,你可以在几年后回来看。

The ice cream truck rarely comes by our neighborhood, but is very popular when it

冰淇淋车很少经过我们附近,但很受欢迎。

To create doubt

表示怀疑

Unlikely/Improbable/Doubtful/Possibly/Probably/Not likely/Undecidedly/Apparently

不可能/可疑/可能/不可能/不确定/明显不可能/不可能/也许/不可能/不确定/明显

例:

To answer your question, it is highly unlikely that Cassie will be picked for the

回答你的问题,凯西被选上这个职位的可能性很小。

Don’t get your hopes up because your design is not likely to be

不要因为你的设计不太可能被选中而抱有希望。

The doctor will probably have some time to see you in the afternoon, so come when you are

下午医生可能有时间来看你,有空的时候来。

To make generalizations, or talk about multiple things that are related, but not the same

概括,或谈论多种相关但不相同的事情

Basically/Essentially/Generally/Pretty/Rather/Virtually

基本上/大体上/一般地/漂亮/相当于/实际上

例:

“Traveling in the different countries in Asia is basically the same,” said John, who had never been to any of the countries in

从未去过亚洲任何一个国家的约翰说:“在亚洲的不同国家旅行基本上是一样的。”

Essentially, the point of the festival is to celebrate the great things that have happened in the past

从本质上讲,节日的意义在于庆祝过去一年发生的大事。

Virtually every tournament only lets boys compete, probably because everyone is afraid to be beaten by a

几乎每场比赛都只让男孩参加,可能是因为每个人都害怕被女孩打败。

限定词不限于以上列表,可以是长短语,也可以是单个单词。

什么是强调词?

强调词是另一类特殊的修饰语。它们具有与限定词相反的效果,并加强(而不是削弱)它们修改的单词和短语的含义。

They are either positive (like very) or negative (like definitely not).

它们要么是积极的(像非常)要么是消极的(像绝对不是)。这两类强调词的例子如下:

肯定强调词

Very/Extremely/Absolutely/Completely/Greatly/Too/So/Totally/Utterly/Highly/Rather/Really/Exceptionally/Particularly/Seriously/Quite (in American, but not British, English)/Awfully (be careful: awful means very bad, but awfully usually describes some great, like The cake was awfully delicious!)

非常的/绝对的/完全的/非常的/太多的/所以的/完全的/程度高的/相当的/非常的/特别的/认真的/相当的(在美国,但不是英国,英语)/Awfully(小心:awful 的意思是非常糟糕,但是awfully通常描述一些伟大的,如 The cake was awfully delicious! 蛋糕是非常美味的!)

例:

The boss was very adamant that the software be changed this way, so we had better listen to his

老板非常坚决地要求这样修改软件,所以我们最好听听他的要求。

I completely agree with Nathan, even though we never agree on

我完全同意内森的观点,尽管我们从来没有达成一致。

Sally really wanted to kiss Liam that

那天晚上莎莉真的很想吻利亚姆。

否定强调词

Never/At all/What on earth…?

从来没有/根本没有/到底是什么…?

What on earth is Mindy doing? To question Mindy’s

明迪到底在干什么?质疑明迪的行为。

Why… ever…?

究竟为什么?

Why did I ever agree to help you move your furniture? To indicate regret or a

我究竟为什么同意帮你搬家具?表示遗憾或问题。

Dangerously/Seriously/Ever again/Bitterly (goes with specific words, only, including cold, unhappy, disappointed, sad, )

危险的/严肃的/永远的/痛苦的(仅限于特定的词语,包括冷漠、不快乐、失望、悲伤)

例:

Luke never wants to see Philip ever

卢克再也不想见菲利普了。

My son does not want to attend this college at all!

我儿子根本不想上这所大学!

You are getting dangerously close to the edge of my

你正危险地接近我的忍耐极限。

一个更大的数字

Many/Most/Some/Lots of/Numerous/Countless/A majority/Mostly/Various

很多/大多数/一些/大多数/数不尽的/大多数的/各种各样的

例:

Countless efforts have been made to change the system, but nothing has

为改变这一制度已经做了无数的努力,但什么也没有奏效。

A majority of the benches in this park were donated by people from this

公园里的长椅大部分是由附近的人捐赠的。

Herbert was mostly just curious why you designed your office this

赫伯特只是好奇你为什么要这样设计你的办公室。

某事经常发生,或比你期望的更普遍

Often/Frequently/Commonly/For a long time/Usually/Sometimes/Repeatedly

经常/频繁地/通常地/长时间/常/有时/反复

例:

For a long time, I thought that all rabbits just ate carrots all the

很长一段时间以来,我一直以为所有的兔子都只吃胡萝卜。

She frequently stops by our shop to buy a jar of

她经常来我们店里买一罐泡菜。

I have told you repeatedly not to bother me when I am working, have I not?

我反复告诉过你,我工作时不要打扰我,是吗?

何时以及如何使用修饰词、限定词和强调词?

在很大程度上,使用这些单词和短语可以描绘出一幅更加丰富多彩和充满活力的画面,你想说什么。它们有助于提供更多的细节和显示完整的图片。

修饰语可以用在句子的任何地方,可以有多种不同的形式。限定词和强调词是经常出现在它们所修饰的词或短语前面的词或短语。然而,使用太多会使你的写作或演讲变得杂乱无章。减少你使用的单词数量和句子复杂程度的一个好方法就是复习你的写作。

例:

Very important = crucial, central, essential

非常重要=关键、中心、关键

Very unimportant = trivial, irrelevant

非常不重要=微不足道,无关紧要

Very cold = chilly or freezing

非常冷=寒冷的,冷嗖嗖的

Very hot = sweltering

非常热=闷热的

Very confusing = puzzling, perplexing

非常困惑的=令人疑惑的

Very slow = sluggish

非常慢=慢悠悠的

Very fast = speedy, rapid, swift

非常快=迅速的

Very large = enormous, giant, huge

非常大=巨大的

Very small = nonexistent, tiny

非常小=不存在的,极小的

英语语法知识高中 第7篇

●使用"介词+关系代词"要注意以下几点:

(一)选用介词的依据:

(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。

(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。

(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。

(4) 表示"所有"关系或"整体中的一部分"时,通常用介词of。

(二)在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look after, look for等。

(三)"of which / whom"有时可以用"whose+名词"结构来改写。

(四)当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时,通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语,则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。

(五)in that不可以引导定语从句,但可以引导原因状语从句。

二、"介词+关系代词"与关系副词的转化

(1)当先行词表示地点,定语从句中缺少地点状语时,通常用关系副词where引导,此时也可选用表示地点的介词+which来代替关系副词where。

(2) 当先行词表示时间,定语从句中缺少时间状语时,通常用关系副词when引导,此时也可选用表示时间的介词+which来代替关系副词when。

(3) 当先行词为reason,定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时,通常用关系副词why引导,此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。

英语语法知识高中 第8篇

定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制,关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面,句子中的It有所指;而强调句型是对某部分加强语气,强调语气的连接词只能是that, who,并且句子中的It 没有任何意义;一般比较明显,而有时就难以区别,还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。

它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句,就要从语境上来考查。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问题,意思是:它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的问题,那么意思是:他想要的是一本书。显然,句子是强调句型。

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